The zinc-finger transcription factor KLF6 regulates cardiac fibrosis

Life Sci. 2024 Aug 15:351:122805. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122805. Epub 2024 Jun 6.

Abstract

Aims: Heart failure (HF) is one of the most devastating consequences of cardiovascular diseases. Regardless of etiology, cardiac fibrosis is present and promotes the loss of heart function in HF patients. Cardiac resident fibroblasts, in response to a host of pro-fibrogenic stimuli, trans-differentiate into myofibroblasts to mediate cardiac fibrosis, the underlying mechanism of which remains incompletely understood.

Methods: Fibroblast-myofibroblast transition was induced in vitro by exposure to transforming growth factor (TGF-β). Cardiac fibrosis was induced in mice by either transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or by chronic infusion with angiotensin II (Ang II).

Results: Through bioinformatic screening, we identified Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) as a transcription factor preferentially up-regulated in cardiac fibroblasts from individuals with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) compared to the healthy donors. Further analysis showed that nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) bound to the KLF6 promoter and mediated KLF6 trans-activation by pro-fibrogenic stimuli. KLF6 knockdown attenuated whereas KLF6 over-expression enhanced TGF-β induced fibroblast-myofibroblast transition in vitro. More importantly, myofibroblast-specific KLF6 depletion ameliorated cardiac fibrosis and rescued heart function in mice subjected to the TAC procedure or chronic Ang II infusion.

Significance: In conclusion, our data support a role for KLF6 in cardiac fibrosis.

Keywords: Cardiac fibroblast; Cardiac fibrosis; Heart failure; Transcription factor; Transcriptional regulation.

MeSH terms

  • Angiotensin II / pharmacology
  • Animals
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Fibroblasts* / metabolism
  • Fibrosis* / metabolism
  • Heart Failure / genetics
  • Heart Failure / metabolism
  • Heart Failure / pathology
  • Humans
  • Kruppel-Like Factor 6* / genetics
  • Kruppel-Like Factor 6* / metabolism
  • Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors / genetics
  • Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors / metabolism
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL*
  • Myocardium / metabolism
  • Myocardium / pathology
  • Myofibroblasts* / metabolism
  • Myofibroblasts* / pathology
  • NF-kappa B / metabolism
  • Transforming Growth Factor beta / metabolism

Substances

  • Kruppel-Like Factor 6
  • Klf6 protein, mouse
  • Angiotensin II
  • Transforming Growth Factor beta
  • KLF6 protein, human
  • NF-kappa B
  • Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors