Re-expansion Pulmonary Edema (REPE) Following Thoracentesis: Is Large-Volume Thoracentesis Associated with Increased Incidence of REPE?

Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2024 Jul;47(7):912-917. doi: 10.1007/s00270-024-03773-2. Epub 2024 Jun 10.

Abstract

Purpose: To determine the safety and efficacy associated with drainage volumes greater than 1,500 mL in a single, unilateral thoracentesis without pleural manometry measurements.

Materials and methods: This retrospective, single-institution study included 872 patients (18 years and older) who underwent ultrasound-guided thoracentesis. Patient and procedures data were collected including demographics, number of and laterality of thoracenteses, volume and consistency of fluid removed, and whether clinical or radiologic evidence of re-expansion pulmonary edema (REPE) developed within 24 h of thoracentesis. Fisher's exact test was used to test the significance of the relationship between volume of fluid removed and evidence of REPE.

Results: A total of 1376 thoracenteses were performed among the patients included in the study. The mean volume of fluid removed among all procedures was 901.1 mL (SD = 641.7 mL), with 194 (14.1%) procedures involving the removal of ≥ 1,500 mL of fluid. In total, six (0.7%) patients developed signs of REPE following thoracentesis, five of which were a first-time thoracentesis. No statistically significant difference in incidence of REPE was observed between those with ≥ 1,500 mL of fluid removed compared to those with < 1,500 mL of fluid removed (p-value = 0.599).

Conclusions: Large-volume thoracentesis may safely improve patients' symptoms while preventing the need for repeat procedures.

Keywords: Large-volume thoracentesis; Re-expansion pulmonary edema (REPE); Thoracentesis.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Drainage / methods
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pleural Effusion / diagnostic imaging
  • Pleural Effusion / epidemiology
  • Pulmonary Edema* / diagnostic imaging
  • Pulmonary Edema* / epidemiology
  • Pulmonary Edema* / etiology
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Thoracentesis* / methods
  • Ultrasonography, Interventional*