Synthesis of a Family of Pd(II) Complexes Using Pyridyl-Ketone Ligands: Crystal Structure, Thermal, Physicochemical, XRD/HSA, Docking, and Heck Reaction Application

Anas AlAli; Khalil Shalalin; Abeer AlObaid; Khaled Alkanad; Abdelkader Zarrouk; Ismail Warad; Shaukath Ara Khanum

doi:10.1021/acsomega.4c02015

Synthesis of a Family of Pd(II) Complexes Using Pyridyl-Ketone Ligands: Crystal Structure, Thermal, Physicochemical, XRD/HSA, Docking, and Heck Reaction Application

ACS Omega. 2024 May 30;9(23):25073-25083. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02015. eCollection 2024 Jun 11.

Authors

Anas AlAli¹, Khalil Shalalin², Abeer AlObaid³, Khaled Alkanad⁴, Abdelkader Zarrouk^{5

6}, Ismail Warad⁷, Shaukath Ara Khanum¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Yuvaraja's College, University of Mysore, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 006, India.
² Department of Dentistry and Dental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P O Box 7, Nablus 00972, Palestine.
³ Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P O Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, India.
⁵ Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, P O Box 1014, Agdal-Rabat 10500, Morocco.
⁶ Research Centre, Manchester Salt & Catalysis, unit C, 88-90 mChorlton Rd, Manchester M15 4AN, United Kingdom.
⁷ Department of Chemistry, AN-Najah National University, P O Box 7, Nablus 00970, Palestine.

Abstract

Four Pd(II) complexes, (dpk)PdCl₂ (complex-1), and (dpk)Pd(OAc)₂ (complex-2) have been prepared using di(2-pyridyl) ketone as the chelate ligand (dpk). The (dpk·EtOH)PdCl₂ (complex-3) and (dpk·EtOH)Pd(OAc)₂ (complex-4) were synthesized by selectively introducing complex-1 and complex-2 to an EtOH in situ nucleophilic addition reaction on the O=C of the dpk ligand, respectively. All complexes were characterized using CHN-EA, UV-vis, FT-IR, FAB-MS, EDX, TGA, and NMR physicochemical tools. The XRD-crystallography technique was employed to ascertain the structure of complex-3. The analysis revealed a monoclinic/P2₁/c crystal system characterized by a square planar structure oriented in the cis direction around the Pd center. Several C-H···Cl and O-H···O H-bonds constructing 2D-S12 and S7 synthons were confirmed via XRD/HSA interactions. The influence of EtOH addition to the O=C group of dpk in (dpk)PdCl₂ was documented by using UV-vis/FT-IR spectra and TGA analysis. As catalysts, all complexes have demonstrated a notable catalytic function in the Heck reaction, resulting in a high yield under gentle conditions using iodobenzene and methyl acrylate as model reactions. Moreover, the complex-1 and complex-3 docking activity was evaluated against 1BNA-DNA.