An Exploratory Analysis of Preclinical and Clinical Factors Associated With Sleep Disturbance Assessed via the Neuro-QoL After Hemorrhagic Stroke

Background and purpose: Sleep disturbance after hemorrhagic stroke (intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhage) can impact rehabilitation, recovery, and quality of life. We sought to explore preclinical and clinical factors associated with sleep disturbance after hemorrhagic stroke assessed via the Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders (Neuro-QoL) short form sleep disturbance inventory.

Methods: We telephonically completed the Neuro-QoL short form sleep disturbance inventory 3-months and 12-months after hemorrhagic stroke for patients >18-years-old hospitalized between January 2015 and February 2021. We examined the relationship between sleep disturbance (T-score >50) and social and neuropsychiatric history, systemic and neurological illness severity, medical complications, and temporality.

Results: The inventory was completed for 70 patients at 3-months and 39 patients at 12-months; 18 (26%) had sleep disturbance at 3-months and 11 (28%) had sleep disturbance at 12-months. There was moderate agreement (κ = .414) between sleep disturbance at 3-months and 12-months. Sleep disturbance at 3-months was related to unemployment/retirement prior to admission (P = .043), lower Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission (P = .021), higher NIHSS score on admission (P = .041) and infection while hospitalized (P = .036). On multivariate analysis, sleep disturbance at 3-months was related to unemployment/retirement prior to admission (OR 3.58 (95% CI 1.03-12.37), P = .044). Sleep disturbance at 12-months was related to premorbid mRS score (P = .046).

Conclusion: This exploratory analysis did not demonstrate a sustained relationship between any preclinical or clinical factors and sleep disturbance after hemorrhagic stroke. Larger studies that include comparison to patients with ischemic stroke and healthy individuals and utilize additional techniques to evaluate sleep disturbance are needed.