Should patients with exceptional longevity be treated for osteoporosis after a hip fracture?

Background: There are no studies focusing on treatment for osteoporosis in patients with exceptional longevity after suffering a hip fracture.

Objective: To assess the advisability of initiating treatment for osteoporosis after a hip fracture according to the incidence of new fragility fractures after discharge, risk factors for mortality and long-term survival.

Design: Retrospective review.

Setting: A tertiary university hospital serving a population of ~425 000 inhabitants in Barcelona.

Subjects: All patients >95 years old admitted with a fragility hip fracture between December 2009 and September 2015 who survived admission were analysed until the present time.

Methods: Pre-fracture ambulation ability and new fragility fractures after discharge were recorded. Risk factors for 1-year and all post-discharge mortality were calculated with multivariate Cox regression. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analyses were performed.

Results: One hundred and seventy-five patients were included. Median survival time was 1.32 years [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.065-1.834], with a maximum of 9.2 years. Male sex [hazard ratio (HR) 2.488, 95% CI 1.420-4.358] and worse previous ability to ambulate (HR 2.291, 95% CI 1.417-3.703) were predictors of mortality. After discharge and up to death or the present time, 10 (5.7%) patients had a new fragility fracture, half of them during the first 6 months.

Conclusions: Few new fragility fractures occurred after discharge and half of these took place in the first 6 months. The decision to start treatment of osteoporosis should be individualised, bearing in mind that women and patients with better previous ambulation ability will have a better chance of survival.