Automatic classification of normal and abnormal cell division using deep learning

In recent years, there has been a surge in the development of methods for cell segmentation and tracking, with initiatives like the Cell Tracking Challenge driving progress in the field. Most studies focus on regular cell population videos in which cells are segmented and followed, and parental relationships annotated. However, DNA damage induced by genotoxic drugs or ionizing radiation produces additional abnormal events since it leads to behaviors like abnormal cell divisions (resulting in a number of daughters different from two) and cell death. With this in mind, we developed an automatic mitosis classifier to categorize small mitosis image sequences centered around one cell as "Normal" or "Abnormal." These mitosis sequences were extracted from videos of cell populations exposed to varying levels of radiation that affect the cell cycle's development. We explored several deep-learning architectures and found that a network with a ResNet50 backbone and including a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) layer produced the best results (mean F1-score: 0.93 ± 0.06). In the future, we plan to integrate this classifier with cell segmentation and tracking to build phylogenetic trees of the population after genomic stress.