Leptomeningeal metastases from solid tumors: A Society for Neuro-Oncology and American Society of Clinical Oncology consensus review on clinical management and future directions

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Neurology, Brain Tumor Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
• ² Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ³ Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
• ⁴ Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital / Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ⁵ Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
• ⁶ Department of Neuro-Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
• ⁷ Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ⁸ Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, University of San Francisco California, San Francisco, California, USA.
• ⁹ Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
• ¹⁰ Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.
• ¹¹ Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ¹² The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ¹³ Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
• ¹⁴ Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
• ¹⁵ The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
• ¹⁶ Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
• ¹⁷ Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
• ¹⁸ Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
• ¹⁹ Laboratory for Immunology of Metastatic Ecosystems, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.
• ²⁰ Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
• ²¹ Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neuroscience, University and City of Health and Science Hospital, Turin, Italy.
• ²² Department of Neurology, Castelfranco Veneto and Treviso Hospitals, Castelfranco Veneto, Italy.
• ²³ Department of Tumor Biology, The Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.
• ²⁴ Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.
• ²⁵ Neuro-oncology Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
• ²⁶ Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
• ²⁷ Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
• ²⁸ Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
• ²⁹ Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.