COVID-19 Death Determination Methods, Minnesota, USA, 2020-20221

Emerg Infect Dis. 2024 Jul;30(7):1352-1360. doi: 10.3201/eid3007.231522.

Abstract

Accurate and timely mortality surveillance is crucial for elucidating risk factors, particularly for emerging diseases. We compared use of COVID-19 keywords on death certificates alone to identify COVID-19 deaths in Minnesota, USA, during 2020-2022, with use of a standardized mortality definition incorporating additional clinical data. For analyses, we used likelihood ratio χ2 and median 1-way tests. Death certificates alone identified 96% of COVID-19 deaths confirmed by the standardized definition and an additional 3% of deaths that had been classified as non-COVID-19 deaths by the standardized definition. Agreement between methods was >90% for most groups except children, although agreement among adults varied by demographics and location at death. Overall median time from death to filing of death certificate was 3 days; decedent characteristics and whether autopsy was performed varied. Death certificates are an efficient and timely source of COVID-19 mortality data when paired with SARS-CoV-2 testing data.

Keywords: 2019 novel coronavirus disease; COVID-19; Minnesota; SARS-CoV-2; United States; coronavirus disease; death certificate; epidemiology; mortality; respiratory infections; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; viruses; vital statistics; zoonoses.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Autopsy
  • COVID-19 Testing / methods
  • COVID-19* / epidemiology
  • COVID-19* / mortality
  • Cause of Death
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Death Certificates*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Minnesota / epidemiology
  • SARS-CoV-2*
  • Young Adult