Randomized Pilot Trial of Pre- and Postoperative Heart Failure Nurse-Supported Care in Heart Failure Patients Requiring Noncardiac Surgery-Feasibility and Results

Introduction: The perioperative cardiovascular management of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery is particularly challenging in those with pre-existing heart failure (HF). This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-based pre- and postoperative specialized HF management in reducing postoperative HF-associated complications in patients with known HF undergoing noncardiac surgery.

Methods: This prospective, randomized pilot study included patients with established HF requiring intermediate- to high-risk noncardiac surgery. Patients received postoperatively either standard care (control group, CG) or nurse-supported HF management (intervention group, IG). The primary endpoint was a composite of HF-related postoperative complications at 30 days. Secondary endpoints included length on intensive care unit, length of hospital stay, death, hospitalization for HF, and quality of life assessment using the SF-12 questionnaire.

Results: The trial was halted prematurely for futility. A total of 34 patients (median age 70.5 [IQR 67-75] years; with 15 HfpEF, 9 HfmrEF,10 HfrEF), with an average NT-proBNP of 1.413 [463-2.832] pg/mL were included. The IG had a lower rate of postoperative primary events (25%; n = 4) compared with the CG (33%; n = 6). There were no differences in secondary endpoints between the groups. Quality-of-life scores improved slightly in both groups (δ 5.6 ± 0.9 [CG] and 3.1 ± 1.2 [IG]).

Conclusion: Nurse-based pre- and postoperative HF care appears to be feasible and may reduce HF-associated complications in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Larger clinical trials are needed to further evaluate the effectiveness of this approach in reducing postoperative complications in this high-risk patient population.