Advances in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus by natural plant polysaccharides through regulation of gut microbiota and metabolism: A review

Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Aug;274(Pt 2):133466. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133466. Epub 2024 Jun 26.

Abstract

The prevalence and impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global health problem. The treatment process of T2DM is long and difficult to cure. Therefore, it is necessary to explore alternative or complementary methods to deal with the various challenges brought by T2DM. Natural plant polysaccharides (NPPs) have certain potential in the treatment of T2DM. However, many studies have not considered the relationship between the structure of NPPs and their anti-T2DM activity. This paper reviews the relevant anti-T2DM mechanisms of NPPs, including modulation of insulin action, promotion of glucose metabolism and modulation of postprandial glucose levels, anti-inflammation and modulation of gut microbiota (GM) and metabolism. This paper provides an in-depth study of the conformational relationships of NPPs and facilitates the development of anti-T2DM drugs or dietary supplements with NPPs.

Keywords: Constitutive relationship; Gut microbiota; Natural plant polysaccharides; Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / drug therapy
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / metabolism
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome* / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / chemistry
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / pharmacology
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Polysaccharides* / chemistry
  • Polysaccharides* / pharmacology
  • Polysaccharides* / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Polysaccharides
  • Hypoglycemic Agents