Rural-Urban Divide in the Prevalence and Correlates of Overweight and Obesity Among Women of Reproductive Age in Nigeria: A Multilevel Analysis of Repeated Cross-Sectional Data

Ecol Food Nutr. 2024 Sep-Oct;63(5):489-518. doi: 10.1080/03670244.2024.2373227. Epub 2024 Jun 29.

Abstract

We examined rural and urban prevalence and correlates of overweight/obesity among women of reproductive age using survey data from Nigeria. Overweight and obesity prevalence increased from 16.1% and 6.1% in 2008 to 18.2% and 10.0% in 2018, while underweight prevalence consistently averaged at 12%. Regardless of the residential setting, age, marital status, education, occupation, wealth, and year were associated with higher risk of overweight/obesity, whereas breastfeeding showed a protective effect. Unique risk factors for overweight/obesity in urban areas were higher parity and female-headed households, while ethnicity, media exposure, and state of residence were unique risk factors in rural areas.

Keywords: Obesity; overweight; rural; urban; women.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Middle Aged
  • Multilevel Analysis
  • Nigeria / epidemiology
  • Obesity* / epidemiology
  • Overweight* / epidemiology
  • Prevalence
  • Risk Factors
  • Rural Population*
  • Socioeconomic Factors
  • Urban Population*
  • Young Adult