Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is a kind of organic disease with synovial inflammation, cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone remodeling as the main pathological changes. The current treatment is mainly to relieve symptoms, but cannot completely stop the progression of the disease. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have multi-lineage differentiation potential and have good prospects in the repair therapy of TMJOA. Intra-articular injection of MSC from bone marrow, adipose, umbilical cord, dental pulp, etc. has been shown to be effective in numerous animal studies. The above exogenous MSCs can also be used as seed cells to participate in tissue engineering and repair more severe defects. Recent studies have shown that exosomes are important mediators of MSC action and have some potential in the treatment of TMJOA. As the mechanisms of TMJOA are further investigated, there is some prospect that endogenous repair capacity can be activated by local injection of relevant drugs targeting the resident stem cells in the joint.
颞下颌关节骨关节炎（TMJOA）是以滑膜炎症、软骨退变、软骨下骨重塑为主要病理变化的一类器质性病变。目前的治疗以缓解症状为主，尚无法完全阻止病变的进展。间充质干细胞（MSC）具有多向分化潜能，在TMJOA的修复治疗中具有良好前景。关节内注射骨髓、脂肪、脐带、牙髓等来源的MSC已在大量动物实验中被证实有效。上述外源性MSC亦可作为种子细胞，参与组织工程，修复较严重的缺损。近期研究表明，外泌体是MSC发挥作用的重要媒介，在TMJOA的治疗中亦有一定潜力。随着对TMJOA机制研究的深入，通过局部注射相关药物靶向关节内常驻干细胞，激活内源性修复能力，亦有一定前景。.