Chitosan extraction from Amanita phalloides: yield, crystallinity, degree of deacetylation, azo dye removal and antibacterial properties

Hadia Hemmami; Ilham Ben Amor; Soumeia Zeghoud; Asma Ben Amor; Salah Eddine Laouini; Ali Alsalme; David Cornu; Mikhael Bechelany; Ahmed Barhoum

doi:10.3389/fchem.2024.1353524

Chitosan extraction from Amanita phalloides: yield, crystallinity, degree of deacetylation, azo dye removal and antibacterial properties

Front Chem. 2024 Jun 19:12:1353524. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1353524. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Hadia Hemmami^{1

2}, Ilham Ben Amor^{1

2}, Soumeia Zeghoud^{1

2}, Asma Ben Amor^{1

2}, Salah Eddine Laouini^{1

3}, Ali Alsalme⁴, David Cornu⁵, Mikhael Bechelany^{5

6}, Ahmed Barhoum⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Process Engineering and Petrochemical, Faculty of Technology, University of El Oued, El Oued, Algeria.
² Renewable Energy Development Unit in Arid Zones (UDERZA), University of El Oued, El Oued, Algeria.
³ Laboratory of Biotechnology Biomaterials and Condensed Materials, Faculty of Technology, University of El Oued, El Oued, Algeria.
⁴ Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Institut Européen des Membranes (IEM), UMR 5635, University Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
⁶ Gulf University for Science and Technology, GUST, Mubarak Al-Abdullah, Kuwait.
⁷ NanoStruc Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.

Abstract

Chitosan, a biopolymer obtained from chitin, is known for its remarkable adsorption abilities for dyes, drugs, and fats, and its diverse array of antibacterial characteristics. This study explores the extraction and characterization of chitosan from the mycelium of Amanita phalloides. The moisture content, ash content, water binding capacity, fat binding capacity, and degree of deacetylation of the extracted chitosan were determined. The chitosan exhibited a high yield of 70%, crystallinity of 49.07%, a degree of deacetylation of 86%, and potent antimicrobial properties against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The study also examined the adsorption capabilities of chitosan to remove methylene blue (MB) dye by analysing specific factors like pH, reaction time, and MB concentration using the response surface model. The highest degree of MB dye removal was 91.6% at a pH of 6, a reaction time of around 60 min and an initial dye concentration of 16 ppm. This experimental design can be applied for chitosan adsorption of other organic compounds such as dyes, proteins, drugs, and fats.

Keywords: Amanita phalloids; adsorption optimization; antibacterial activity; chitosan extraction; degree of deacetylation; methylene blue dye removal; response surface model.

Grants and funding

The authors declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Consortium Author AB and AlA were financially supported by the Science, Technology and Innovation Funding Authority (Project ID 42811) and Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP-2024R78), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.