Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by age-related macular degeneration: a meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020

Eye (Lond). 2024 Aug;38(11):2070-2082. doi: 10.1038/s41433-024-03050-z. Epub 2024 Jul 4.

Abstract

Background: We aimed to update estimates of global vision loss due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based surveys of eye diseases from January, 1980, to October, 2018. We fitted hierarchical models to estimate the prevalence of moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI; presenting visual acuity from <6/18 to 3/60) and blindness ( < 3/60) caused by AMD, stratified by age, region, and year.

Results: In 2020, 1.85 million (95%UI: 1.35 to 2.43 million) people were estimated to be blind due to AMD, and another 6.23 million (95%UI: 5.04 to 7.58) with MSVI globally. High-income countries had the highest number of individuals with AMD-related blindness (0.60 million people; 0.46 to 0.77). The crude prevalence of AMD-related blindness in 2020 (among those aged ≥ 50 years) was 0.10% (0.07 to 0.12) globally, and the region with the highest prevalence of AMD-related blindness was North Africa/Middle East (0.22%; 0.16 to 0.30). Age-standardized prevalence (using the GBD 2019 data) of AMD-related MSVI in people aged ≥ 50 years in 2020 was 0.34% (0.27 to 0.41) globally, and the region with the highest prevalence of AMD-related MSVI was also North Africa/Middle East (0.55%; 0.44 to 0.68). From 2000 to 2020, the estimated crude prevalence of AMD-related blindness decreased globally by 19.29%, while the prevalence of MSVI increased by 10.08%.

Conclusions: The estimated increase in the number of individuals with AMD-related blindness and MSVI globally urges the creation of novel treatment modalities and the expansion of rehabilitation services.

Publication types

  • Meta-Analysis
  • Systematic Review

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Blindness* / epidemiology
  • Blindness* / etiology
  • Female
  • Global Health*
  • Humans
  • Macular Degeneration* / epidemiology
  • Prevalence
  • Vision, Low / epidemiology
  • Visual Acuity*
  • Visually Impaired Persons* / statistics & numerical data