Body image, sex, gender, and pain: towards an improved understanding of pain mechanisms

Affiliations

• ¹ Centre for Multimodal Sensorimotor and Pain Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
• ² Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
• ³ BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
• ⁴ Department of Historical Studies, Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies Program, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
• ⁵ Women and Gender Studies Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
• ⁶ Women's College Hospital, Department of Surgery, Toronto, ON, Canada.
• ⁷ University of Toronto, Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, Toronto, ON, Canada.
• ⁸ University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, Toronto, ON, Canada.
• ⁹ Tory Trauma Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
• ¹⁰ Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.