A Case of Polyserositis, Chylous Ascites and Hepatitis Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

We describe a rare case of polyserositis with chylous ascites following nivolumab therapy, highlighting the challenges in recognising and managing immune-related adverse events (irAEs) associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs). Induced polyserositis and chylous ascites are very rare and require immunosuppressive treatment, with a variable response of high-dose IV steroids.

Learning points: Oncological therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) is frequently associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs) most involving cutaneous, gastrointestinal and pulmonary sites.