Patterns of inpatient acute care and emergency department utilization within one year post-initial amputation among individuals with dysvascular major lower extremity amputation in Ontario, Canada: A population-based retrospective cohort study

PLoS One. 2024 Jul 11;19(7):e0305381. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305381. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

Introduction: Lower extremity amputation (LEA) is a life altering procedure, with significant negative impacts to patients, care partners, and the overall health system. There are gaps in knowledge with respect to patterns of healthcare utilization following LEA due to dysvascular etiology.

Objective: To examine inpatient acute and emergency department (ED) healthcare utilization among an incident cohort of individuals with major dysvascular LEA 1 year post-initial amputation; and to identify factors associated with acute care readmissions and ED visits.

Design: Retrospective cohort study using population-level administrative data.

Setting: Ontario, Canada.

Population: Adults individuals (18 years or older) with a major dysvascular LEA between April 1, 2004 and March 31, 2018.

Interventions: Not applicable.

Main outcome measures: Acute care hospitalizations and ED visits within one year post-initial discharge.

Results: A total of 10,905 individuals with major dysvascular LEA were identified (67.7% male). There were 14,363 acute hospitalizations and 19,660 ED visits within one year post-discharge from initial amputation acute stay. The highest common risk factors across all the models included age of 65 years or older (versus less than 65 years), high comorbidity (versus low), and low and moderate continuity of care (versus high). Sex differences were identified for risk factors for hospitalizations, with differences in the types of comorbidities increasing risk and geographical setting.

Conclusion: Persons with LEA were generally more at risk for acute hospitalizations and ED visits if higher comorbidity and lower continuity of care. Clinical care efforts might focus on improving transitions from the acute setting such as coordinated and integrated care for sub-populations with LEA who are more at risk.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Amputation, Surgical* / statistics & numerical data
  • Emergency Service, Hospital* / statistics & numerical data
  • Female
  • Hospitalization / statistics & numerical data
  • Humans
  • Inpatients / statistics & numerical data
  • Lower Extremity* / surgery
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Ontario / epidemiology
  • Patient Acceptance of Health Care / statistics & numerical data
  • Patient Readmission / statistics & numerical data
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors

Grants and funding

ALM and SLH received funding as Principal Investigators from the Physician Services Inc. Foundation (grant # 17-38) and the Ontario Association for Amputee Care to support this research. This study was supported by ICES, which is funded by an annual grant from the Ontario Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Ministry of Long-Term Care (MLTC). SJTG is supported with a salary award from the University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain. The analyses, conclusions, opinions and statements expressed herein are solely those of the authors and do not reflect those of the funding sources; no endorsement is intended or should be inferred.