Novel Vpx virus-like particles to improve cytarabine treatment response against acute myeloid leukemia

Clin Exp Med. 2024 Jul 13;24(1):155. doi: 10.1007/s10238-024-01425-w.

Abstract

Knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia has advanced in recent years. Despite novel treatment options, acute myeloid leukemia remains a survival challenge for elderly patients. We have recently shown that the triphosphohydrolase SAMHD1 is one of the factors determining resistance to Ara-C treatment. Here, we designed and tested novel and simpler virus-like particles incorporating the lentiviral protein Vpx to efficiently and transiently degrade SAMHD1 and increase the efficacy of Ara-C treatment. The addition of minute amounts of lentiviral Rev protein during production enhanced the generation of virus-like particles. In addition, we found that our 2nd generation of virus-like particles efficiently targeted and degraded SAMHD1 in AML cell lines with high levels of SAMHD1, thereby increasing Ara-CTP levels and response to Ara-C treatment. Primary AML blasts were generally less responsive to VLP treatment. In summary, we have been able to generate novel and simpler virus-like particles that can efficiently deliver Vpx to target cells.

Keywords: AML; Cytarabine; Resistance; SAMHD1; VLP; Vpx.

MeSH terms

  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cytarabine* / pharmacology
  • Cytarabine* / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Lentivirus / genetics
  • Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute* / drug therapy
  • SAM Domain and HD Domain-Containing Protein 1 / genetics
  • SAM Domain and HD Domain-Containing Protein 1 / metabolism
  • Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins / genetics
  • Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins / metabolism

Substances

  • Cytarabine
  • SAM Domain and HD Domain-Containing Protein 1
  • SAMHD1 protein, human
  • Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins
  • VPX protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 2