Antibody Response to Symptomatic Infection With SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Viruses, December 2021-June 2022

Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2024 Jul;18(7):e13339. doi: 10.1111/irv.13339.

Abstract

We describe humoral immune responses in 105 ambulatory patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection. In dried blood spot (DBS) collected within 5 days of illness onset and during convalescence, we measured binding antibody (bAb) against ancestral spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid (N) protein using a commercial multiplex bead assay. Geometric mean bAb concentrations against RBD increased by a factor of 2.5 from 1258 to 3189 units/mL and by a factor of 47 against N protein from 5.5 to 259 units/mL between acute illness and convalescence; lower concentrations were associated with greater geometric mean ratios. Paired DBS specimens may be used to evaluate humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Keywords: COVID‐19; Omicron subvariants; SARS‐CoV‐2 infection; immune response.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Antibodies, Viral* / blood
  • Antibodies, Viral* / immunology
  • Antibody Formation
  • COVID-19* / immunology
  • COVID-19* / virology
  • Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins / immunology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Immunity, Humoral
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • SARS-CoV-2* / immunology
  • Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus* / immunology
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Antibodies, Viral
  • Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
  • spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
  • Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins

Supplementary concepts

  • SARS-CoV-2 variants