Exploring subjective quality-of-life indicators in long-term care facilities: a mixed-methods research protocol

Introduction: Improving quality of life has become a priority in the long-term care (LTC) sector internationally. With development and implementation guidance, standardised quality-of-life monitoring tools based on valid, self-report surveys could be used more effectively to benefit LTC residents, families and organisations. This research will explore the potential for subjective quality-of-life indicators in the interRAI Self-Reported Quality of Life Survey for Long-Term Care Facilities (QoL-LTCF).

Methods and analysis: Guided by the Medical Research Council Framework, this research will entail a (1) modified Delphi study, (2) feasibility study and (3) realist synthesis. In study 1, we will evaluate the importance of statements and scales in the QoL-LTCF by administering Delphi surveys and focus groups to purposively recruited resident and family advisors, researchers, and LTC clinicians, staff, and leadership from international quality improvement organisations. In study 2, we will critically examine the feasibility and implications of risk-adjusting subjective quality-of-life indicators. Specifically, we will collect expert stakeholder perspectives with interviews and apply a risk-adjustment methodology to QoL-LTCF data. In study 3, we will iteratively review and synthesise literature, and consult with expert stakeholders to explore the implementation of quality-of-life indicators.

Ethics and dissemination: This study has received approval through a University of Waterloo Research Ethics Board and the Social and Societal Ethics Committee of KU Leuven. We will disseminate our findings in conferences, journal article publications and presentations for a variety of stakeholders.