Current status and progress of PD-L1 detection: guiding immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer

Clin Exp Med. 2024 Jul 18;24(1):162. doi: 10.1007/s10238-024-01404-1.

Abstract

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths and represents a substantial disease burden worldwide. Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy are the standard first-line therapy for advanced NSCLC without driver mutations. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is currently the only approved immunotherapy marker. PD-L1 detection methods are diverse and have developed rapidly in recent years, such as improved immunohistochemical detection methods, the application of liquid biopsy in PD-L1 detection, genetic testing, radionuclide imaging, and the use of machine learning methods to construct PD-L1 prediction models. This review focuses on the detection methods and challenges of PD-L1 from different sources, and discusses the influencing factors of PD-L1 detection and the value of combined biomarkers. Provide support for clinical screening of immunotherapy-advantage groups and formulation of personalized treatment decisions.

Keywords: Exosome; Immunohistochemical; Liquid biopsy; Non-small cell lung cancer; Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • B7-H1 Antigen*
  • Biomarkers, Tumor* / analysis
  • Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* / diagnosis
  • Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* / therapy
  • Humans
  • Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Immunotherapy* / methods
  • Lung Neoplasms* / diagnosis
  • Lung Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Lung Neoplasms* / therapy

Substances

  • B7-H1 Antigen
  • CD274 protein, human
  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors