Leptospirosis in central India: A retrospective study to explore burden of tropical illness

Indian J Med Microbiol. 2024 Sep-Oct:51:100689. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100689. Epub 2024 Aug 1.

Abstract

Leptospirosis, an underdiagnosed zoonotic disease in India, was studied retrospectively in Madhya Pradesh, Central India. Between 2018 and 2019, 2617 samples from patients with hepatitis-related symptoms were collected. Of these, 518 tested negative for hepatitis and other tropical viral diseases under the VRDL project were analyzed for leptospira IgM using ELISA. 68 (13.12%) were positive for leptospirosis. Common symptoms included fever (97.45%) and jaundice (42.27%), with renal involvement in 30.88% of cases. Higher incidence was observed in the 31-60 age group, especially during monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The study highlights the need for increased clinician awareness and inclusion of leptospirosis in screening panels to differentiate tropical illnesses in India.

Keywords: Central India; Leptospirosis; Zoonoses.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Antibodies, Bacterial / blood
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Cost of Illness
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  • Female
  • Fever / epidemiology
  • Humans
  • Immunoglobulin M* / blood
  • Incidence
  • India / epidemiology
  • Jaundice / etiology
  • Leptospira* / immunology
  • Leptospirosis* / diagnosis
  • Leptospirosis* / epidemiology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Seasons
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Immunoglobulin M
  • Antibodies, Bacterial