Bariatric and general surgical procedures in obese patients with a history of venous thromboembolism and concurrent anticoagulation therapy

Cir Cir. 2024;92(4):475-480. doi: 10.24875/CIRU.23000190.

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the use and outcomes of perioperative anticoagulation (AC) in obese patients with a known history of venous thromboembolism event (VTE).

Method: A retrospective review of a prospective database for patients with a VTE history undergoing bariatric and general surgery at a single center (1/2008-12/2017) was performed. Factors assessed included demographics, surgical details, and outcomes.

Results: Sixty-five patients underwent 76 procedures: 46 females (71%); mean age 51 years (range 26-73), mean weight 284 pounds (range 110-558), mean body mass index 45 (range 19-87). Comorbidities include hypertension (60%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (54%), osteoarthritis (49%), obstructive sleep apnea (45%), and diabetes (37%). Operations: 22 general surgeries (29%), 20 sleeve gastrectomies (26%), 12 revisions/conversions (16%), 12 Roux-en-Y gastric bypasses (16%), and 10 gastric bands (13%). Modalities: 67% laparoscopic, 28% robotic, and 5% open. Twenty-two patients (34%) had a pre-operative inferior vena cava filter placed with no complications. The mean length of stay was 4.4 days (range 1-31). Complications: seven 30-day readmissions (9%), one 30-day reoperation (1%), and two 90-day VTEs (3%). Thirty-day readmissions: four for inability to tolerate PO, two for small bowel obstruction, and one for symptomatic anastomotic ulcer.

Conclusions: In our patients, post-operative AC could be started without an increased risk of bleeding in patients with a history of VTE undergoing bariatric surgery.

Objetivo: Examinar el uso y los resultados de la anticoagulación perioperatoria en pacientes bariátricos con antecedentes de tromboembolia venosa (TEV).

Método: Revisión retrospectiva (base de datos prospectiva) de pacientes sometidos a cirugía general y bariátrica (1/2008-12/2017). Se evaluaron datos demográficos, detalles quirúrgicos y resultados.

Resultados: Sesenta y cinco pacientes se sometieron a 76 procedimientos: 46 mujeres (71%), edad media 51 años (rango: 26-73), peso medio 284 libras (rango: 110-558), índice de masa corporal medio 45 (rango: 19-87). Comorbilidad: hipertensión (60%), enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (54%), osteoartritis (49%), apnea obstructiva del sueño (45%), diabetes (37%). Operaciones: 22 cirugía general (29%), 20 gastrectomías en manga (26%), 12 revisiones/conversiones (16%), 12 Y-de-Roux (16%), 10 bandas gástricas (13%). Modalidades: 67% laparoscópica, 28% robótica, 5% abierta. A 22 pacientes (34%) se les colocó un filtro de vena cava inferior preoperatorio sin complicaciones. La estancia media fue de 4.4 días (rango: 1-31). Complicaciones: 7 reingresos a los 30 días (9%), 1 reoperación a los 30 días (1%), 2 TEV a los 90 días (3%). Reingresos a los 30 días: 4 por incapacidad para tolerar la vía oral, 2 obstrucciones de intestino delgado y 1 úlcera anastomótica sintomática.

Conclusiones: En nuestros casos, la anticoagulación posoperatoria pudo iniciarse sin aumento del riesgo de sangrado en pacientes con antecedentes de TVE sometidos a cirugía bariátrica.

Keywords: Anticoagulación; Anticoagulation; Bariatric surgery; Cirugía bariátrica; Deep vein thrombosis; Embolia pulmonar; Morbid obesity; Obesidad mórbida; Pulmonary embolism; Trombosis venosa profunda.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Anticoagulants* / therapeutic use
  • Bariatric Surgery*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Length of Stay / statistics & numerical data
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Obesity* / complications
  • Postoperative Complications / epidemiology
  • Postoperative Complications / etiology
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Venous Thromboembolism* / epidemiology
  • Venous Thromboembolism* / etiology
  • Venous Thromboembolism* / prevention & control

Substances

  • Anticoagulants