Trends in utilization patterns of newer glucose-lowering drugs in US adults with type 2 diabetes and a history of coronary heart disease or heart failure: 2005-2019

Prim Care Diabetes. 2024 Oct;18(5):561-563. doi: 10.1016/j.pcd.2024.07.003. Epub 2024 Aug 2.

Abstract

Background: The newer glucose-lowering drugs (GLDs), including Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), have demonstrated superior cardio- and renal protective benefits compared to older GLDs in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Objective: This study examined the trends of the newer GLDs use in people with T2D who had a history of coronary heart disease or heart failure in the United States.

Method: We used 2005-2019 data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). Individuals with self-reported diabetes and CVD history were identified.

Results: There was a steady increase in the use of GLP-1RA only from 2008 (3 %) to 2019 (21 %) and SGLT2i only from 2014 (5 %) to 2019 (12 %). Individuals with dual use of both newer GLD classes increased from 0.62 % in 2015 to 6 % in 2019. The overall uptake of these two newer drugs in 2019 was less than 40 %. In other words, 60 % of individuals who can substantially benefit from these newer treatments did not use the treatments.

Conclusion: The use of GLP-1RA and SGLT2i among individuals with T2D and a history of CVD was low and varied by insurance type. Policy-level interventions are needed to improve the use of these newer treatments further.

Summary: We examined how newer glucose-lowering drugs are used among individuals with type 2 diabetes and at high risk for coronary heart disease or heart failure in the US. We found that 60 % of individuals who can substantially benefit from these newer treatments did not use the treatments due to the variation of insurance type.

Keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Coronary heart disease; Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists; Glucose-lowering drugs; Heart failure; Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors; Trends; Type 2 diabetes; Utilization rate.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Blood Glucose / drug effects
  • Blood Glucose / metabolism
  • Coronary Disease* / drug therapy
  • Coronary Disease* / epidemiology
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / diagnosis
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / drug therapy
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / epidemiology
  • Female
  • Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists*
  • Glycemic Control / trends
  • Health Care Surveys
  • Heart Failure* / drug therapy
  • Heart Failure* / epidemiology
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemic Agents* / therapeutic use
  • Incretins / adverse effects
  • Incretins / therapeutic use
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Practice Patterns, Physicians'* / trends
  • Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors* / therapeutic use
  • Time Factors
  • Treatment Outcome
  • United States / epidemiology
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • Blood Glucose
  • Incretins
  • Biomarkers
  • Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists