Goosecoid promotes pancreatic adenocarcinoma metastasis through TGF-β signaling

Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2024 Jul 28;70(7):100-105. doi: 10.14715/cmb/2024.70.7.14.

Abstract

Goosecoid (GSC), translated from a homeobox gene, is a protein that participates in metastasis of various cancers. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is one of the deadliest malignancies associated with a poor diagnosis and prognosis. To develop new treatment target or biomarker for PAAD, this study intended to assess the effects and the molecular mechanism of GSC on PAAD metastasis. The expressive discrepancy of GSC in PAAD and normal tissues/cells was compared by both the quantitative PCR and western blot. The effects of GSC silencing and GSC over-expression on PAAD cells and TGF-β signaling were proved by wound-healing assay, cell counting kit-8, Transwell assay and western blot. From the results, GSC mRNA and protein levels were enriched in PAAD cancer tissues and cells. GSC silencing prohibited metastasis of PAAD cells including the ability to invade, migrate and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereas GSC upregulation stimulated these cells behaviors above. GSC silencing reversed the effects on cellular processes induced by activation of the TGF-β pathway. Furthermore, silencing of GSC postponed tumor growth in xenograft model. In summary, GSC was abundantly expressed in PAAD, which activated the TGF-β pathway to enhance cell metastasis and tumor development.

MeSH terms

  • Adenocarcinoma* / genetics
  • Adenocarcinoma* / metabolism
  • Adenocarcinoma* / pathology
  • Animals
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Movement / genetics
  • Cell Proliferation
  • Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition* / genetics
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
  • Gene Silencing
  • Humans
  • Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Mice, Nude
  • Neoplasm Metastasis*
  • Pancreatic Neoplasms* / genetics
  • Pancreatic Neoplasms* / metabolism
  • Pancreatic Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Signal Transduction*
  • Transforming Growth Factor beta* / metabolism

Substances

  • Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
  • Transforming Growth Factor beta
  • ZG16B protein, human
  • GSC protein, human