Multi-Drug Resistance and Breast Cancer Progression via Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) Signaling

Harikumar Pallathadka; Abdulrahman Qais Khaleel; Ahmed Hussein Zwamel; H Malathi; Snehlata Sharma; Jasur Alimdjanovich Rizaev; Yasser Fakri Mustafa; Atreyi Pramanik; Mahmood Hasen Shuhata Alubiady; Mohammed Abed Jawad

doi:10.1007/s12013-024-01418-2

Multi-Drug Resistance and Breast Cancer Progression via Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) Signaling

Cell Biochem Biophys. 2024 Dec;82(4):3015-3030. doi: 10.1007/s12013-024-01418-2. Epub 2024 Aug 7.

Affiliations

¹ Manipur International University, Imphal, Manipur, India. [email protected].
² Department of Medical Instruments Engineering, Al-Maarif University College, Al Anbar, 31001, Iraq. [email protected].
³ Medical laboratory technique college, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq.
⁴ Medical laboratory technique college, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq.
⁵ Medical laboratory technique college, the Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq.
⁶ Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
⁷ Chandigarh Pharmacy College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjheri, Mohali, 140307, Punjab, India.
⁸ Department of Public health and Healthcare management, Rector, Samarkand State Medical University, 18, Amir Temur Street, Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
⁹ Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41001, Iraq.
¹⁰ School of Applied and Life Sciences, Division of Research and Innovation, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
¹¹ Mahmood Hasen Shuhata alubiady, Al-Hadi University College, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq.
¹² Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq.

PMID: 39110298
DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01418-2

Abstract

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential receptors involved in inflammation and innate immunity. Various types of cancer cells, as well as innate immune cells, express TLRs. There is mounting proof that TLRs are critical to the development and spread of cancer as well as metabolism. In breast cancer, up-regulated levels of TLRs have been linked to the aggressiveness of the diseases, worse treatment outcomes, and the emergence of therapeutic resistance. Patients with advanced non-resectable, recurring, and metastatic breast cancer currently have few available treatment choices. An intriguing new strategy is an innate immunity-mediated anticancer immunotherapy, either used alone or in conjunction with existing treatments. In fact, several TLR agonists and antagonists have been used in clinical studies for anti-cancer immunotherapy. Consequently, TLRs serve as critical targets for controlling the course of breast cancer and treatment resistance in addition to being implicated in immune responses against pathogen infection and cancer immunology. In this review, we deliver an overview of the most current findings on TLR involvement in the development of breast cancer and treatment resistance.

Keywords: Breast cancer; Drug resistance; Pathogenesis; Progression; Toll-like receptors (TLRs).

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Breast Neoplasms* / drug therapy
Breast Neoplasms* / immunology
Breast Neoplasms* / metabolism
Breast Neoplasms* / pathology
Disease Progression
Drug Resistance, Multiple
Drug Resistance, Neoplasm*
Female
Humans
Immunity, Innate / drug effects
Signal Transduction* / drug effects
Toll-Like Receptors* / metabolism

Substances

Toll-Like Receptors