Decoding the RNA viromes in shrew lungs along the eastern coast of China

NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2024 Aug 8;10(1):68. doi: 10.1038/s41522-024-00543-3.

Abstract

Shrews being insectivores, serve as natural reservoirs for a wide array of zoonotic viruses, including the recently discovered Langya henipavirus (LayV) in China in 2018. It is crucial to understand the shrew-associated virome, viral diversity, and new viruses. In the current study, we conducted high-throughput sequencing on lung samples obtained from 398 shrews captured along the eastern coast of China, and characterized the high-depth virome of 6 common shrew species (Anourosorex squamipes, Crocidura lasiura, Crocidura shantungensis, Crocidura tanakae, Sorex caecutiens, and Suncus murinus). Our analysis revealed numerous shrew-associated viruses comprising 54 known viruses and 72 new viruses that significantly enhance our understanding of mammalian viruses. Notably, 34 identified viruses possess spillover-risk potential and six were human pathogenic viruses: LayV, influenza A virus (H5N6), rotavirus A, rabies virus, avian paramyxovirus 1, and rat hepatitis E virus. Moreover, ten previously unreported viruses in China were discovered, six among them have spillover-risk potential. Additionally, all 54 known viruses and 12 new viruses had the ability to cross species boundaries. Our data underscore the diversity of shrew-associated viruses and provide a foundation for further studies into tracing and predicting emerging infectious diseases originated from shrews.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • China
  • Disease Reservoirs / virology
  • High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing*
  • Influenza A virus / classification
  • Influenza A virus / genetics
  • Influenza A virus / isolation & purification
  • Lung* / virology
  • Phylogeny
  • RNA Viruses / classification
  • RNA Viruses / genetics
  • RNA Viruses / isolation & purification
  • RNA, Viral / genetics
  • Rabies virus / classification
  • Rabies virus / genetics
  • Rabies virus / isolation & purification
  • Shrews* / virology
  • Virome* / genetics

Substances

  • RNA, Viral