Safeguarding Mail-Order DNA Synthesis in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) tools continue to be developed and used within the life sciences. The impact of these tools on the biosecurity landscape surrounding mail-order DNA synthesis and how to address the impacts have not been critically examined in the literature.

Methods: The impacts of AI-driven chatbots and biological design tools on the biosecurity landscape surrounding mail-order DNA synthesis were analyzed and described. The findings are informed by the authors' experience in the field.

Results: Generally, chatbots lower barriers to access of information that could be misused while biological design tools may provide new abilities to users with the intent of misuse. Six recommendations to the United States Government that attempt to maximize the benefits of these new technologies while mitigating risks are provided.

Conclusion: Mandating mail-order DNA synthesis providers to screen DNA synthesis orders is a critical safeguarding step that should be taken as soon as possible. Over time, biological design tools will reduce the effectiveness of such a regulation and actions should be taken now to limit the negative impacts in the future.