Sensor-Based Multifaceted Feature Extraction and Ensemble Elastic Net Approach for Assessing Fall Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

IEEE J Biomed Health Inform. 2024 Nov;28(11):6661-6673. doi: 10.1109/JBHI.2024.3447705. Epub 2024 Nov 6.

Abstract

Accurate identification of community-dwelling older adults at high fall risk can facilitate timely intervention and significantly reduce fall incidents. Analyzing gait and balance capabilities via feature extraction and modeling through sensor-based motion data has emerged as a viable approach for fall risk assessment. However, the existing approaches for extracting key features related to fall risk lack inclusiveness, with limited consideration of the non-linear characteristics of sensor signals, such as signal complexity, self-similarity, and local stability. In this study, we developed a multifaceted feature extraction scheme employing diverse feature types, including demographic, descriptive statistical, non-linear, spatiotemporal and spectral features, derived from three-axis accelerometers and gyroscope data. This study is the first attempt to investigate non-linear features related to fall risk in multi-task scenarios from a dynamic system perspective. Based on the extracted multifaceted features, we propose an ensemble elastic net (E-E-N) approach for handling imbalanced data and offering high model interpretability. The E-E-N utilizes bootstrap sampling to construct base classifiers and employs a weighting mechanism to aggregate the base classifiers. We conducted a set of validation experiments using real-world data for comprehensive comparative analysis. The results demonstrate that the E-E-N approach exhibits superior predictive performance on fall risk classification. Our proposed approach offers a cost-effective tool for accurately assessing fall risk and alleviating the burden of continuous health monitoring in the long term.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Accelerometry* / methods
  • Accidental Falls* / prevention & control
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Algorithms
  • Female
  • Gait / physiology
  • Humans
  • Independent Living*
  • Male
  • Monitoring, Ambulatory / methods
  • Risk Assessment / methods
  • Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted*