Spatio-temporal Trends of Mercury and Stable Isotopes in Lower Food Web of Winam Gulf, Lake Victoria

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2024 Aug 23;113(3):30. doi: 10.1007/s00128-024-03938-2.

Abstract

Components of the lower food web (mussels, Caridina and Omena) were collected from stations from Winam Gulf, Lake Victoria, Kenya in 2022 and 2023 to analyze for stable isotopes and total mercury (THg). Temporal comparisons were made with data generated for the same species in 1998. Values of δ15N in mussels and Caridina were similar (6.89‰ vs. 6.78 ± 0.13‰), while Omena occupied an elevated trophic position (9.97 ± 0.24‰) with minor shifts in δ15N over time. All species had elevated δ13C values in 2022-2023 versus 1998 supportive of enhanced eutrophication in the Gulf. THg concentrations exhibited modest spatial differences between sites (< 2.6 fold), but not between Caridina and Omena. Larger temporal differences were apparent relative to spatial patterns with THg concentrations decreasing in study species by 2.8 to 4.1-fold between years. An exposure assessment indicated that Omena, commonly found in local markets, can be consumed up to 0.74 kg/month without generating excess THg exposures.

Keywords: African Great Lakes; Bioaccumulation; Bioavailability; Mercury.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Bivalvia
  • Carbon Isotopes / analysis
  • Environmental Monitoring*
  • Food Chain*
  • Kenya
  • Lakes* / chemistry
  • Mercury* / analysis
  • Nitrogen Isotopes / analysis
  • Spatio-Temporal Analysis
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical* / analysis

Substances

  • Water Pollutants, Chemical
  • Mercury
  • Nitrogen Isotopes
  • Carbon Isotopes