Disparities in surgery rates during the COVID-19 pandemic: retrospective study

Affiliations

• ¹ Unity Health Toronto, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ² Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ³ ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ⁴ Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ⁵ Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ⁶ Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
• ⁷ Department of Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ⁸ Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ⁹ Department of Ophthalmology, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
• ¹⁰ Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, and Cancer Care Ontario-Ontario Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.