Volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath of newborns: a pilot study

J Perinatol. 2024 Aug 28. doi: 10.1038/s41372-024-02102-2. Online ahead of print.

Abstract

Objective: To assess volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breath samples collected non-invasively from preterm and full-term infants.

Methods: This was a pilot study included preterm and full-term infants who were not intubated or suspected or diagnosed with metabolic or gastrointestinal disorders. The samples were analyzed for VOCs using a selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometer.

Results: Twenty infants were included; ten preterm and ten full-term infants. Twenty-two VOCs were detected and measurable in all samples. There was a significant difference between preterm and full-term infants for the 2-propanol, acetaldehyde, acetone, acetonitrile, benzene, ethanol, isoprene, pentane, 3-methylhexane, 2-nonene, ethane, triethylamine, and trimethylamine compounds.

Conclusion: It is feasible to measure VOCs in breath samples of preterm and full-term non-intubated infants. Full-term infants express different concentrations than preterm infants. Further studies are needed to examine the utility and reproducibility of measuring VOCs to identify neonatal diseases and predict outcomes.