Intraoperative radiation therapy for early-stage breast cancer

J Surg Oncol. 2024 Oct;130(5):997-1005. doi: 10.1002/jso.27814. Epub 2024 Aug 29.

Abstract

Background: Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) offers more convenience compared to external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) following breast-conserving surgery for early-stage breast cancer. This study describes the implementation of IORT at a metropolitan academic cancer center.

Methods: Demographics, tumor characteristics, margin status, adjunct EBRT, and cosmetic results were retrospectively analyzed in patients undergoing BCS with IORT. IORT consists of 20 gray delivered to the partial mastectomy cavity.

Results: From 2015 to 2020, 171 patients (65.5% African American) were included. Histologically, 104 (60.8%) patients had invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), while 67 (39%) patients had DCIS only. Seventeen (15.9%) patients with IDC and 12 (8.6%) patients with DCIS had positive margins. There were 15 ipsilateral breast recurrences (8.8%) and three patients (20%) developed systemic disease. Twenty-five patients (14.6%) underwent adjuvant EBRT. The local recurrence-free survival at 60 months from date of IORT was 89.4% (95% CI 82.7%-93.6%). For overall survival (OS), 168 (98.2%) patients were alive at a median follow-up of 51.4 months, and three total deaths were recorded.

Conclusions: IORT is a highly desirable and convenient alternative to EBRT for early-stage breast cancer especially for patients with poor compliance. IORT has an acceptable ipsilateral recurrence while not precluding adjunct EBRT based upon the final pathologic report.

Keywords: breast cancer; breast conservation surgery; intraoperative radiation; radiotherapy.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Breast Neoplasms* / mortality
  • Breast Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Breast Neoplasms* / radiotherapy
  • Breast Neoplasms* / surgery
  • Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / mortality
  • Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / pathology
  • Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / radiotherapy
  • Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / surgery
  • Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / mortality
  • Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / pathology
  • Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / radiotherapy
  • Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / surgery
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Intraoperative Care*
  • Mastectomy, Segmental*
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / pathology
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Prognosis
  • Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Survival Rate