The emerging role of Artificial Intelligence in proton therapy: A review

Lars Johannes Isaksson; Federico Mastroleo; Maria Giulia Vincini; Giulia Marvaso; Mattia Zaffaroni; Michał Gola; Giovanni Carlo Mazzola; Luca Bergamaschi; Simona Gaito; Filippo Alongi; Jerome Doyen; Piero Fossati; Karin Haustermans; Morten Høyer; Johannes Albertus Langendijk; Raùl Matute; Ester Orlandi; Marco Schwarz; Esther G C Troost; Vladimir Vondracek; Davide La Torre; Giuseppe Curigliano; Giuseppe Petralia; Roberto Orecchia; Daniela Alterio; Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa

doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104485

The emerging role of Artificial Intelligence in proton therapy: A review

Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2024 Dec:204:104485. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104485. Epub 2024 Sep 2.

Authors

Lars Johannes Isaksson¹, Federico Mastroleo¹, Maria Giulia Vincini², Giulia Marvaso³, Mattia Zaffaroni⁴, Michał Gola⁵, Giovanni Carlo Mazzola⁴, Luca Bergamaschi⁴, Simona Gaito⁶, Filippo Alongi⁷, Jerome Doyen⁸, Piero Fossati⁹, Karin Haustermans¹⁰, Morten Høyer¹¹, Johannes Albertus Langendijk¹², Raùl Matute¹³, Ester Orlandi¹⁴, Marco Schwarz¹⁵, Esther G C Troost¹⁶, Vladimir Vondracek¹⁷, Davide La Torre¹⁸, Giuseppe Curigliano¹⁹, Giuseppe Petralia²⁰, Roberto Orecchia²¹, Daniela Alterio⁴, Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa¹

Affiliations

¹ Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan 20141, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan 20141, Italy.
² Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan 20141, Italy. Electronic address: [email protected].
³ Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan 20141, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan 20141, Italy. Electronic address: [email protected].
⁴ Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan 20141, Italy.
⁵ Department of Human Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn 10-082, Poland.
⁶ Proton Clinical Outcomes Unit, The Christie NHS Proton Beam Therapy Centre, Manchester M20 4BX, UK; Division of Clinical Cancer Science, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
⁷ Department of Advanced Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, 37024 Negrar-Verona, Italy & DSMC, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
⁸ Centre Antoine-Lacassagne, University of Côte d'Azur, Nice 06189, France; University Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7284, INSERM U1081, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), 06189 Nice, France, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice 06189, France.
⁹ EBG MedAustron GmbH, Marie-Curie-Str. 5, Wiener Neustadt 2700, Austria; Department of General and Translational Oncology and Hematology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, 3500, Austria.
¹⁰ Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
¹¹ Aarhus University (AU), Nordre Ringgade 1, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark.
¹² Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
¹³ Centro de Protonterapia Quironsalud, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid 28223, Spain.
¹⁴ Radiation Oncology Unit, Clinical Department, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
¹⁵ Radiation Oncology Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
¹⁶ OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01309, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden 01307, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01309, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden 01328, Germany.
¹⁷ Proton Therapy Centre Czech, Prague, Czech Republic and Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University Prague, Kladno, Czech Republic.
¹⁸ Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan 20141, Italy; SKEMA Business School, Université Côte d'Azur, Sophia Antipolis, France.
¹⁹ Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan 20141, Italy; Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapy, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan 20141, Italy.
²⁰ Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan 20141, Italy; Division of Radiology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan 20141, Italy.
²¹ Scientific Directorate, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan 20141, Italy.

PMID: 39233128
DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104485

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has made a tremendous impact in the space of healthcare, and proton therapy is not an exception. Proton therapy has witnessed growing popularity in oncology over recent decades, and researchers are increasingly looking to develop AI and machine learning tools to aid in various steps of the treatment planning and delivery processes. This review delves into the emergent role of AI in proton therapy, evaluating its development, advantages, intended clinical contexts, and areas of application. Through the analysis of 76 studies, we aim to underscore the importance of AI applications in advancing proton therapy and to highlight their prospective influence on clinical practices.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Proton therapy; Review.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Artificial Intelligence*
Humans
Machine Learning
Neoplasms* / radiotherapy
Neoplasms* / therapy
Proton Therapy* / methods
Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / methods