Fabrication and characterization of antibacterial nanofiber membranes modified with chitosan and imidazolidinyl urea for potential use in biological waste treatments

Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Nov;279(Pt 4):135364. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135364. Epub 2024 Sep 7.

Abstract

An ion exchange nanofiber membrane (AEA-COOH) was developed from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers through chemical hydrolysis. It was further modified by grafting chitosan (CS) onto its surface, creating the AEA-COOH-CS membrane. Then, both membranes were covalently immobilized with imidazolidinyl urea (IU), resulting in AEA-COOH-IU and AEA-COOH-CS-IU membranes. This study analyzed their physical properties, antibacterial efficacy (AE), and reusability. Optimal conditions were identified: 50 kDa molecular weight of chitosan, pH 8 for IU modification, and 0.05 % IU concentration. The AEA-COOH-IU membrane achieved 96.15 % AE against Escherichia coli at an initial concentration of 2.0 × 107 CFU/mL, while the AEA-COOH-CS-IU membrane achieved 100 % AE. The AEA-COOH-CS-IU membrane maintained 95.04 % efficacy over 5 cycles, demonstrating superior durability. As a result, the AEA-COOH-CS-IU membrane has high potential for environmental applications such as water purification and wastewater treatment. Its robust antibacterial properties and reusability suggest a significant impact on ensuring cleaner water resources and prospective uses in the biomedical field, including medical device coatings and healthcare applications.

Keywords: Antibacterial efficacy; Chitosan; Imidazolidinyl urea.

MeSH terms

  • Acrylic Resins
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents* / chemistry
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents* / pharmacology
  • Chitosan* / chemistry
  • Chitosan* / pharmacology
  • Escherichia coli* / drug effects
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Membranes, Artificial*
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Nanofibers* / chemistry
  • Urea* / chemistry
  • Wastewater / chemistry
  • Water Purification / methods

Substances

  • Chitosan
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Membranes, Artificial
  • Urea
  • polyacrylonitrile
  • Wastewater
  • Acrylic Resins