Efficacy and safety of vonoprazan and high-dose amoxicillin dual therapy in eradicating Helicobacter pylori: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2024 Nov;64(5):107331. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107331. Epub 2024 Sep 7.

Abstract

Background: Vonoprazan is a new acid-suppressing drug that provides an additional choice for eradicating Helicobacter pylori. The effectiveness and safety of vonoprazan and high-dose amoxicillin (VHA) dual therapy requires study in a systematic analysis.

Materials and methods: A comprehensive search of the literature from the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases was conducted up to 16 May 2024. Trials comparing H. pylori eradication rates, adverse events, and compliance of VHA dual therapy with that of other therapies were included. RevMan 5.4 was used for statistical analysis.

Results: Eleven randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and two retrospective clinical studies with 4570 samples were included. VHA dual therapy had superior H. pylori eradication rates (intention-to-treat [ITT]: 86.0% vs. 80.7%; odds ratio [OR]=1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-1.73; P=0.01; per-protocol [PP]: 90.6% vs. 85.7%; OR=1.42; 95% CI 1.07-1.88; P=0.02), fewer adverse events (15.4% vs. 27.7%; OR=0.49; 95% CI 0.35-0.68, P<0.0001), and similar compliance (94.6% vs. 93.2%; OR=1.27; 95% CI 0.98-1.64; P=0.07) compared with other guideline therapies. According to subgroup analysis with PP data, VHA dual therapy is more effective than bismuth quadruple therapy based on proton-pump inhibitors (P-BQT) (93.5% vs. 89.3%; OR=1.76; 95% CI 1.03-3.00; P=0.04). In addition, the eradication rates for 7-day, 10-day and 14-day VHA dual therapy were 65% (95% CI 0.55-0.75), 92% (95% CI 0.91-0.94) and 93% (95% CI 0.90-0.97), respectively.

Conclusion: VHA dual therapy for 10 or 14 days showed superior efficacy and safety compared with therapies recommended by the guidelines and should be prioritised for adoption.

Keywords: Amoxicillin; Dual therapy; Helicobacter pylori; Meta-analysis; Vonoprazan.

Publication types

  • Systematic Review
  • Meta-Analysis
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Amoxicillin* / administration & dosage
  • Amoxicillin* / therapeutic use
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents* / administration & dosage
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents* / adverse effects
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents* / therapeutic use
  • Drug Therapy, Combination*
  • Helicobacter Infections* / drug therapy
  • Helicobacter pylori* / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Proton Pump Inhibitors* / administration & dosage
  • Proton Pump Inhibitors* / adverse effects
  • Proton Pump Inhibitors* / therapeutic use
  • Pyrroles* / administration & dosage
  • Pyrroles* / adverse effects
  • Pyrroles* / therapeutic use
  • Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
  • Sulfonamides* / administration & dosage
  • Sulfonamides* / adverse effects
  • Sulfonamides* / therapeutic use
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • 1-(5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-(pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-N-methylmethanamine
  • Sulfonamides
  • Amoxicillin
  • Pyrroles
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Proton Pump Inhibitors