Rack1 regulates B-cell development and function by binding to and stabilizing the transcription factor Pax5

Cell Mol Immunol. 2024 Nov;21(11):1282-1295. doi: 10.1038/s41423-024-01213-2. Epub 2024 Sep 10.

Abstract

The transcription factor Pax5 activates genes essential for B-cell development and function. However, the regulation of Pax5 expression remains elusive. The adaptor Rack1 can interact with multiple transcription factors and modulate their activation and/or stability. However, its role in the transcriptional control of B-cell fates is largely unknown. Here, we show that CD19-driven Rack1 deficiency leads to pro-B accumulation and a simultaneous reduction in B cells at later developmental stages. The generation of bone marrow chimeras indicates a cell-intrinsic role of Rack1 in B-cell homeostasis. Moreover, Rack1 augments BCR and TLR signaling in mature B cells. On the basis of the aberrant expression of Pax5-regulated genes, including CD19, upon Rack1 deficiency, further exploration revealed that Rack1 maintains the protein level of Pax5 through direct interaction and consequently prevents Pax5 ubiquitination. Accordingly, Mb1-driven Rack1 deficiency almost completely blocks B-cell development at the pro-B-cell stage. Ectopic expression of Pax5 in Rack1-deficient pro-B cells partially rescues B-cell development. Thus, Rack1 regulates B-cell development and function through, at least partially, binding to and stabilizing Pax5.

Keywords: B-cell development; BCR signaling.; Pax5; Rack1; Ubiquitination.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antigens, CD19 / metabolism
  • B-Lymphocytes* / immunology
  • B-Lymphocytes* / metabolism
  • Cell Differentiation*
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Knockout
  • PAX5 Transcription Factor* / genetics
  • PAX5 Transcription Factor* / metabolism
  • Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid / metabolism
  • Protein Binding*
  • Protein Stability
  • Receptors for Activated C Kinase* / genetics
  • Receptors for Activated C Kinase* / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction
  • Ubiquitination

Substances

  • Receptors for Activated C Kinase
  • PAX5 Transcription Factor
  • RACK1 protein, mouse
  • Pax5 protein, mouse
  • Antigens, CD19