Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are significant public health issues associated with a long-term increase in mortality risk, resulting from various etiologies including renal ischemia, sepsis, drug toxicity, and diabetes mellitus. Numerous preclinical models have been developed to deepen our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for kidney diseases. Among these, rodent models have proven to be powerful tools in the discovery of novel therapeutics, while the development of kidney organoids has emerged as a promising advancement in the field. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the construction methodologies, underlying biological mechanisms, and recent therapeutic developments across different AKI and CKD models. Additionally, this review summarizes the advantages, limitations, and challenges inherent in these preclinical models, thereby contributing robust evidence to support the development of effective therapeutic strategies.
急性肾损伤（acute kidney injury, AKI）和慢性肾脏病（chronic kidney disease, CKD）是日益严重的公共卫生问题，可由肾缺血、败血症、药物中毒和糖尿病等多种因素引起。该文重点介绍了用于研究这些疾病的临床前模型，特别是啮齿类动物模型和新兴的肾脏类器官组织模型。该综述详细总结了各模型的构建过程、基本机制及其在临床前治疗发展中的应用，评估了它们的优势、局限性和挑战，为制定有效的治疗策略提供了科学依据。.
Keywords: Acute kidney injury; Chronic kidney disease; Mouse models.