Fusarium begoniae metabolites: a promising larvicidal, pupicidal potential, histopathological alterations and detoxifications enzyme profiles of medically important mosquito vector Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles stephensi

Chinnasamy Ragavendran; Annadurai Govindaraj; Chinnaperumal Kamaraj; Devarajan Natarajan; Guilherme Malafaia; Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei; Mikhlid H Almutairi

doi:10.1007/s13205-024-04061-z

Fusarium begoniae metabolites: a promising larvicidal, pupicidal potential, histopathological alterations and detoxifications enzyme profiles of medically important mosquito vector Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles stephensi

3 Biotech. 2024 Oct;14(10):226. doi: 10.1007/s13205-024-04061-z. Epub 2024 Sep 10.

Authors

Chinnasamy Ragavendran¹, Annadurai Govindaraj², Chinnaperumal Kamaraj³, Devarajan Natarajan², Guilherme Malafaia^{4

5

6

7}, Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei⁸, Mikhlid H Almutairi⁸

Affiliations

¹ Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, 600 077 Tamil Nadu India.
² Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011 Tamil Nadu India.
³ Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), Directorate of Research and Virtual Education, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Tamil Nadu, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203 India.
⁴ Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO Brazil.
⁵ Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO Brazil.
⁶ Post-Graduation Program in Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG Brazil.
⁷ Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO Brazil.
⁸ Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

PMID: 39263325
PMCID: PMC11384672 (available on 2025-10-01)
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04061-z

Abstract

Endophytic fungal molecules have the potential to be a cost-effective chemical source for developing eco-friendly disease-controlling pharmaceuticals that target mosquito-borne illnesses. The primary aims of the study were to identify the fungus Fusarium begoniae larvicidal ability against Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Anopheles stephensi. The ethyl acetate extract demonstrated lethal concentrations that kill 50% of exposed larvae (LC₅₀) and 90% of exposed larvae (LC₉₀) for the 1st to 4th instar larvae of An. stephensi (LC₅₀ = 54.821, 66.525, 68.250, and 73.614; LC₉₀ = 104.56, 138.205, 150.415, and 159.466 μg/mL), Cx. quinquefasciatus (LC₅₀ = 64.981, 36.505, 42.230, and 36.514; LC₉₀ = 180.46, 157.105, 140.318, and 153.366 μg/ mL), and Ae. aegypti (LC₅₀ = 74.890, 33.607, 52.173, and 26.974; LC₉₀ = 202.56, 162.205, 130.518, and 163.286 μg/mL). Mycelium metabolites were evaluated for their pupicidal activity towards Ae. aegypti (LC₅₀ = 80.669, LC₉₀ = 119.904), Cx. quinquefasciatus (LC₅₀ = 70.569, LC₉₀ = 109.840), and An. stephensi (LC₅₀ = 73.269, LC₉₀ = 110.590 μg/mL). The highest larvicidal activity was recorded at 300 µg/mL, with 100% mortality against first and second-instar larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus. Metabolite exposure to larvae exhibited several abnormal behavioral changes. The exposure to F. begoniae metabolite, key esterases such as acetylcholinesterase, α-and-β-carboxylesterase, and acid and alkaline phosphatase activity significantly decreased compared to control larvae. The outcomes of the histology analysis revealed that the mycelium metabolites-treated targeted larvae had a disorganized abdominal mid and hindgut epithelial cells. The is first-hand information on study of ethyl-acetate-derived metabolites from F. begoniae tested against larvae and pupae of Ae. aegypti, Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. stephensi. Bio-indicator toxicity findings demonstrate that A. nauplii displayed no mortality.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04061-z.

Keywords: Bio-pesticides; Fusarium begonia; Histology study; Potato dextrose agar; Vector control.

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