Improving CO2 electroconversion by customizing the hydroxyl microenvironment around a semi-open Co-N2O2 configuration

J Colloid Interface Sci. 2025 Jan 15;678(Pt B):630-638. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.09.055. Epub 2024 Sep 7.

Abstract

Constructing local microenvironments is one of the important strategies to improve the electrocatalytic performances, such as in electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR). However, effectively customizing these microenvironments remains a significant challenge. Herein, utilizing carbon nanotube (CNT) heterostructured semi-open Co-N2O2 catalytic configurations (Co-salophen), we have demonstrated the role of the local microenvironment on promoting ECR through regulating the location of hydroxyl groups. Concretely, compared with the maximum Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 62% for carbon monoxide (CO) presented by Co-salophen/CNT without a hydroxyl microenvironment, the designed Co-salophen-OH3/CNT, featuring hydroxyl groups at the Co-N2O2 structural opening, shows remarkable CO2-to-CO electroreduction activity across a wide potential window, with the FE of CO up to 95%. In particular, through the deuterium kinetic isotope experiments and theoretical calculations, we decoded that the hydroxyl groups act as a proton relay station, promoting the efficient transfer of protons to the Co-N2O2 active sites. The finding demonstrates a promising molecular design strategy for enhancing electrocatalysis.

Keywords: Co-salophen; Electrochemical CO(2) reduction; Microenvironment; Proton transfer; Single-molecular heterostructure.