A single dose of recombinant adenoviral vector rabies vaccine expressing two copies of glycoprotein protects mice from lethal virus challenge

J Infect Dev Ctries. 2024 Aug 31;18(8):1281-1290. doi: 10.3855/jidc.19193.

Abstract

Introduction: Rabies is a fatal infectious disease, that poses a major public health threat in developing countries. With an annual death toll of approximately 59,000, more than half of which are children, an urgent need exists for a safe, affordable, and effective preventive measure against rabies virus infection.

Methodology: A recombinant rabies vaccine called Ad5-dRVG was constructed by introducing two copies of the rabies virus glycoprotein into a human adenoviral vector. Virus-neutralizing assays and virus challenge experiments were employed to evaluate the Ad5-dRVG vaccine.

Results: Our findings demonstrate that a single dose of Ad5-dRVG, administered either intramuscularly or orally, elicited significantly stronger immune responses than Ad5-RVG. Moreover, both vaccines provided complete protection in mice. Notably, the vaccine exhibited remarkable efficacy even at low doses, suggesting potential cost reduction in production.

Conclusions: The development of the Ad5-dRVG recombinant rabies vaccine represents a significant advancement in rabies prevention. Its enhanced immunogenicity, demonstrated efficacy and potential cost savings make it a promising candidate for widespread use.

Keywords: Rabies; adenovirus; glycoprotein; recombinant rabies vaccine.

MeSH terms

  • Adenoviridae / genetics
  • Administration, Oral
  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing / blood
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing / immunology
  • Antibodies, Viral / blood
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Female
  • Genetic Vectors*
  • Glycoproteins* / genetics
  • Glycoproteins* / immunology
  • Humans
  • Injections, Intramuscular
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Rabies Vaccines* / administration & dosage
  • Rabies Vaccines* / genetics
  • Rabies Vaccines* / immunology
  • Rabies virus* / genetics
  • Rabies virus* / immunology
  • Rabies* / immunology
  • Rabies* / prevention & control
  • Vaccine Efficacy
  • Vaccines, Synthetic* / administration & dosage
  • Vaccines, Synthetic* / genetics
  • Vaccines, Synthetic* / immunology
  • Viral Envelope Proteins / genetics
  • Viral Envelope Proteins / immunology

Substances

  • Rabies Vaccines
  • Vaccines, Synthetic
  • Glycoproteins
  • Antibodies, Viral
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing
  • Viral Envelope Proteins