1 Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
2 Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
3 The Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
4 Department of Health Policy and Management, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.