Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the development of osteomyelitis and prosthetic joint infection: a narrative review

Front Immunol. 2024 Sep 5:15:1444469. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1444469. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

Currently, despite advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, osteomyelitis and prosthetic joint infection (PJI) continue to pose significant challenges for orthopaedic surgeons. These challenges are primarily attributed to the high degree of heterogeneity exhibited by these disorders, which are influenced by a combination of environmental and host factors. Recent research efforts have delved into the pathogenesis of osteomyelitis and PJI by investigating single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This review comprehensively summarizes the current evidence regarding the associations between SNPs and the predisposition to osteomyelitis and PJI across diverse populations. The findings suggest potential linkages between SNPs in genes such as IL-1, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, VDR, tPA, CTSG, COX-2, MMP1, SLC11A1, Bax, NOS2, and NLRP3 with the development of osteomyelitis. Furthermore, SNPs in genes like IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, MBL, OPG, RANK, and GCSFR are implicated in susceptibility to PJI. However, it is noted that most of these studies are single-center reports, lacking in-depth mechanistic research. To gain a more profound understanding of the roles played by various SNPs in the development of osteomyelitis and PJI, future multi-center studies and fundamental investigations are deemed necessary.

Keywords: narrative review; osteomyelitis; prosthetic joint infection; single nucle otide variations; single nucleotide polymorphisms.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Genetic Predisposition to Disease*
  • Humans
  • Osteomyelitis* / genetics
  • Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide*
  • Prosthesis-Related Infections* / genetics

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos: 82172197, 82272517), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (grant nos: 2022A1515012385, 2023A1515140162) and the Ganzhou City Science and Technology Plan Project (grant no. 2023LNS17537).