Screen Time, Outdoor Play, and Sleep Routines in Early Childhood: Longitudinal Associations with Parenting Stress during Toddler to Preschool Years

J Pediatr Health Care. 2024 Nov-Dec;38(6):794-803. doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2024.07.003. Epub 2024 Sep 21.

Abstract

Introduction: Our study examined the longitudinal relationship between parenting stress and screen time, outdoor play, and sleep routines in toddler to preschool-aged children.

Method: We conducted a descriptive quantitative analysis of a prospective observational cohort study of 300 families with an 18-month-old toddler who were followed for 2 years. Parenting stress was measured using a subscale of the Parenting Stress Index-4 Short Form at child age 18 months. Screen time, outdoor play, and sleep routines were parent-reported at child age 36 months. Multivariable regression estimated associations between parenting stress and screen time behaviors, outdoor play, and sleep routines.

Results: Data from 280 children (42.1% female) showed that 39.6% did not have rules around screen time and 82% of families reported frequently having the television on without anyone watching. In adjusted models, a 1-standard deviation increase in parenting stress at 18 months was associated with increased odds of having a television on without anyone watching (OR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.57) and decreased odds of not having rules about the amount of screen time at 36 months (OR 0.75, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.96).

Discussion: Increased parenting stress in early childhood was associated with some suboptimal screen time behaviors and sleep routines when children were preschool-aged.

Keywords: Psychological stress; child development; exercise; screen time; sleep hygiene.

Publication types

  • Observational Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Child, Preschool
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Longitudinal Studies
  • Male
  • Parent-Child Relations
  • Parenting* / psychology
  • Parents / psychology
  • Play and Playthings* / psychology
  • Prospective Studies
  • Screen Time*
  • Sleep* / physiology
  • Stress, Psychological*
  • Television / statistics & numerical data