Respiratory virus behavior: Results of laboratory-based epidemiological surveillance

PLoS One. 2024 Oct 3;19(10):e0307322. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307322. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

Background: Respiratory viruses have clinical and epidemiological importance. With the COVID-19 pandemic, interest has focused on SARS-CoV-2, but as a result, the number of samples available for the differential diagnosis of other respiratory viruses has increased.

Study design: Cross-sectional study.

Objective: To describe the epidemiological behavior of respiratory viruses based on a laboratory-based epidemiological surveillance system using data from 2017 to 2023.

Methods: Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses of data from a laboratory database of respiratory viruses detected by multiplex RT‒qPCR were performed.

Results: A total of 4,632 samples with positive results for at least 1 respiratory virus, not including influenza or SARS-CoV-2, were analyzed. The most common virus detected was respiratory syncytial virus in 1,467 (26.3%) samples, followed by rhinovirus in 1,384 (24.8%) samples. Most of the samples were from children under 5 years of age. The age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of death for patients infected with parainfluenza virus 4 was 4.1 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.0-8.2).

Conclusion: Respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus had the highest frequency and proportion of coinfections, whereas parainfluenza virus 4 was associated with an increased risk of death.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • COVID-19 / epidemiology
  • COVID-19 / virology
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Coinfection / epidemiology
  • Coinfection / virology
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Epidemiological Monitoring
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / diagnosis
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / epidemiology
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / virology
  • Respiratory Tract Infections* / epidemiology
  • Respiratory Tract Infections* / virology
  • Rhinovirus / genetics
  • Rhinovirus / isolation & purification
  • SARS-CoV-2 / isolation & purification
  • Young Adult

Grants and funding

The author(s) received no specific funding for this work.