Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Children on Treatment in Southern Morocco: A 12-Years Retrospective Follow-up Study

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children is a significant public health concern, increasing the risk of infant mortality. Immunodeficiency caused by HIV favors the development of opportunistic infections (OIs), which are responsible for over 90% of HIV-related deaths. This study seeks to determine the primary OIs in children with HIV followed at the Hassan II Regional Hospital Center in Sous Massa, during the period from 2012 to 2023.

Materials and methods: This retrospective study is the first in Morocco to investigate OIs among HIV-infected children. It analyzed 76 complete medical records, using a data collection form designed based on existing literature.

Results: This study revealed that 37% of participants were suffering from OIs, mainly diarrhea (11%), tuberculosis (9%) and pneumonia (7%).There was a significant correlation between OIs and HIV clinical stage (P=0.001), age (P=0.007), and anemia (P=0.001). Despite progress in management, the presence of OIs remains a risk factor for infant morbidity and mortality.

Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of early detection, prevention, and adherence to treatment in reducing this burden. Management of anemia is essential.