Unveiling Sex Differences in Pediatric Burns Through the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Burn Registry

Introduction: Pediatric burns present a significant global health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite this burden, few studies have explored global sex-based differences in pediatric burns. This study aims to describe pediatric burn incidence, burn care facilities' capacities, and burn outcomes with a focus on sex, comparing LMICs to HICs.

Methods: This study utilizes the World Health Organization's (WHO) Global Burn Registry (GBR) to analyze pediatric burn cases from 2018 to 2022, examining patient demographics, causes of burns, burn care facilities' capacities, and burn outcomes in relation to sex. Statistical analysis was done by chi-square and logistic regression.

Results: It was found that female patients were less likely than males to undergo surgical treatment during their hospital stay in low-income countries (adjusted odd ratios = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.45-1.26; p = 0.168) and middle-income countries (adjusted odd ratios = 0.72, 95% Cl: 0.52-0.95; p = 0.002). Additionally, females in both low- (adjusted odd ratios = 2.23, 95% Cl: 1.12-3.53; p = 0.045) and middle-income countries (adjusted odd ratios = 1.72, 95% Cl: 1.12-2.95; p < 0.001) exhibited higher odds of discharging with disability compared to males.

Conclusion: Sex-based differences persist in pediatric burn epidemiology and treatment outcomes. Addressing these differences involves sex-sensitive strategies to mitigate the burden of pediatric burns, particularly in vulnerable populations in low- and middle-income countries.

Type of study: Retrospective observational study.

Level of evidence: Level III evidence.