Emerging Technologies for Improving Musculoskeletal Health: A Systematic Evidence Gap Map

Introduction: Musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions are the largest contributor to disability worldwide. The aim of this project was to undertake a horizon scan and generate an evidence gap map (EGM) to highlight technological innovations in development for preventing and managing MSK conditions at early stages of the clinical treatment pathway, and to identify areas of unmet need.

Methods: In February 2024, bibliographic databases, a clinical trial registry, research funding portals, and company websites were searched for relevant records. Identified records were screened for relevance; they had to be a device or digital "innovative" technology for maintaining or recovering positive musculoskeletal health in adults. The characteristics of relevant technologies, delivery setting and outcomes assessed were coded. An EGM was generated to illustrate the results. Methods followed Cochrane Rapid Reviews Guidance to ensure robustness.

Results: One hundred and nine relevant technologies were identified. Nearly half (49.5%) of these technologies were designed for use at home. Most (50.5%) were digital technologies (e.g., mobile apps) or devices with a digital component (19.3%) (e.g., digital pain reduction kit). The impact of these technologies was most assessed by changes seen in measures of pain and mobility.

Discussion and conclusion: The proportion of technologies used at home compared to other settings indicates a shift in the setting of therapy provision for individuals with MSK conditions. Future evaluative studies should consider measuring a broader set of outcome domains in order to understand the direct and wider impacts of health technologies for those with MSK conditions.