Unexpected Delayed Incursion of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 (Clade 2.3.4.4b) Into the Antarctic Region

Affiliations

• ¹ Polar Terrestrial Systems, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany.
• ² Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany.
• ³ Future Regions Research Centre, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia.
• ⁴ H.T. Harvey & Associates Ecological Consultants, Los Gatos, California, USA.
• ⁵ Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
• ⁶ Laboratorio de Evolución Experimental de Virus, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.
• ⁷ Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, California, USA.
• ⁸ Dynamic Macroecology, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
• ⁹ Global Change Ecology and Evolution Research Group (GloCEE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
• ¹⁰ Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey, UK.
• ¹¹ WOAH/FAO International Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Swine Influenza and Newcastle Disease Virus, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey, UK.
• ¹² Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
• ¹³ British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK.
• ¹⁴ Institute for Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
• ¹⁵ Thermophile Research Unit, Te Aka Mātuatua-School of Science, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
• ¹⁶ MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Ispa - Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal.
• ¹⁷ Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
• ¹⁸ Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
• ¹⁹ Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.
• ²⁰ Department of Zoology, Marine Apex Predator Research Unit (MAPRU), Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa.
• ²¹ Falklands Conservation, Stanley, Falkland Islands.
• ²² Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
• ²³ Depto. Ecologia Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
• ²⁴ Departamento de Ecologia y Gestion Ambiental, Centro Universitario Regional del Este, Universidad de la Republica, Maldonado, Uruguay.
• ²⁵ Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
• ²⁶ Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
• ²⁷ Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
• ²⁸ Centre for Pathogen Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
• ²⁹ WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.