Flow Cytometric MRD Detection in Selected Mature B-Cell Malignancies

Robby Engelmann; Sebastian Böttcher

doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-4188-0_7

Flow Cytometric MRD Detection in Selected Mature B-Cell Malignancies

Methods Mol Biol. 2025:2865:145-188. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4188-0_7.

Authors

Robby Engelmann¹, Sebastian Böttcher²

Affiliations

¹ Rostock University Medical Center, Division of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Special Hematology Laboratory, Rostock, Germany.
² Rostock University Medical Center, Division of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Special Hematology Laboratory, Rostock, Germany. [email protected].

PMID: 39424724
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4188-0_7

Abstract

The quantification of submicroscopic minimal residual disease (MRD) after therapy proved to have independent prognostic significance in many mature B-cell malignancies. With the advent of routine benchtop cytometers capable of simultaneously analyzing ≥8 colors and with improved standardization, flow cytometry has become the method of choice for MRD assessments in some lymphoma entities. Herein we describe general aspects of flow cytometric standardization. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma (MM) are used as examples to explain the technical standardization of flow cytometry for MRD detection according to EuroFlow strategies. MRD data acquisition and detailed analysis in MM and CLL is a particular focus of this chapter.

Keywords: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia; Flow cytometry; Multiple myeloma; Minimal residual disease.

MeSH terms

B-Lymphocytes / metabolism
B-Lymphocytes / pathology
Flow Cytometry* / methods
Humans
Immunophenotyping / methods
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell* / diagnosis
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell* / pathology
Multiple Myeloma* / diagnosis
Multiple Myeloma* / pathology
Neoplasm, Residual* / diagnosis